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    <title>Metamorphic Testing on Programmer.ie: Modern AI programming</title>
    <link>http://programmer.ie/tags/metamorphic-testing/</link>
    <description>Recent content in Metamorphic Testing on Programmer.ie: Modern AI programming</description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 10:42:00 +0100</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>Breaking the Detector</title>
      <link>http://programmer.ie/books/hallucination-from-first-principles/07-chapter/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 00:17:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <guid>http://programmer.ie/books/hallucination-from-first-principles/07-chapter/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Chapter 6 changed the standard for evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A detector is not trustworthy because it has a good AUC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It becomes trustworthy only after we understand how its errors behave under the conditions in which policy will use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That immediately suggests a more aggressive question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of waiting for those conditions to appear naturally, can we &lt;strong&gt;search for them deliberately&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a containment detector works well on ordinary unsupported claims.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Beyond Hallucination: Consistency and Sensitivity</title>
      <link>http://programmer.ie/books/hallucination-from-first-principles/09-chapter/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 10:16:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <guid>http://programmer.ie/books/hallucination-from-first-principles/09-chapter/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Chapter 8 ended with a rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If a downstream decision depends on a distinction, do not discard that distinction before the decision is made.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That rule breaks the idea of one universal hallucination score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A response can be well contained and still reverse a relation. It can preserve every relation and still ignore the decisive facts of the problem. It can be correct once and unstable under a harmless rephrasing. It can be perfectly repeatable and consistently wrong.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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      <title>The Safe but Useless Model</title>
      <link>http://programmer.ie/books/hallucination-from-first-principles/10-chapter/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 10:42:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <guid>http://programmer.ie/books/hallucination-from-first-principles/10-chapter/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Chapter 9 changed the unit of evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of asking whether one answer looks good, we began studying a &lt;strong&gt;family of related executions&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That immediately reveals a failure that static evaluation can miss almost completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider two organizations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-text&#34; data-lang=&#34;text&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ORGANIZATION A&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;3 months of runway&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;falling demand&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;negative cash flow&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;credit line nearly exhausted&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ORGANIZATION B&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;5 years of runway&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;rapidly growing demand&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;strong margins&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;large cash reserve&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ask both:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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