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    <title>Robustness on Programmer.ie: Modern AI programming</title>
    <link>http://programmer.ie/tags/robustness/</link>
    <description>Recent content in Robustness on Programmer.ie: Modern AI programming</description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2026 01:34:00 +0100</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>Digital Life 05: Kill It</title>
      <link>http://programmer.ie/books/digital-life/05-kill-it/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2026 01:34:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <guid>http://programmer.ie/books/digital-life/05-kill-it/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h1 id=&#34;digital-life-05-kill-it&#34;&gt;Digital Life 05: Kill It&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have been too kind to our systems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far we have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;initialized them carefully,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;given them clean environments,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;watched them evolve,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;selected examples that behave interestingly,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and mostly left them alone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is a dangerous way to study anything that looks life-like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A structure that persists when nothing interferes with it may be interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But biological systems do something harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They persist in a world that keeps interfering with them.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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      <title>Cellular Automata From First Principles 34: Damage, Robustness and Persistence</title>
      <link>http://programmer.ie/post/cellular-automata-from-first-principles-34/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 20:03:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <guid>http://programmer.ie/post/cellular-automata-from-first-principles-34/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h1 id=&#34;cellular-automata-from-first-principles-34-damage-robustness-and-persistence&#34;&gt;Cellular Automata From First Principles 34: Damage, Robustness and Persistence&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A pattern that survives in perfect conditions is only the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A stronger artificial-life question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens when the pattern is disturbed?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can turn that into an experiment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2 id=&#34;define-damage-explicitly&#34;&gt;Define damage explicitly&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Start with a rectangular ablation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-python&#34; data-lang=&#34;python&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;damage_rectangle&lt;/span&gt;(state, y0, y1, x0, x1):&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    damaged &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; state&lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;copy()&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    damaged[&lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;...&lt;/span&gt;, y0:y1, x0:x1] &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;0.0&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; damaged&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;For a single-channel state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-python&#34; data-lang=&#34;python&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;damaged &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; damage_rectangle(state, &lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;55&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;55&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;)&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;For multi-channel state, the ellipsis damages all channels in the same spatial region.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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